Answer:
The pro of the 11th amendment are that states cannot be sued by a citizen who does not live in that state in federal court. The con is that states gain some immunity and you cannot petition them for lost property or funds.
Explanation:
The Pros of the 11th amendment:
The 11th Amendment to the US Constitution is a complicated but short amendment that has various implications. Basically it says that the federal courts of the United States cannot hear cases where a citizen who lives in another state or the citizen of another country is petitioning to sue that state. This gives individual states their sovereignty so they can act without bringing upon themselves a lawsuit. It is also good in terms of our state taxes and the costs to administrate the state. It seems that before the 11th Amendment of the US Constitution was ratified, most of the cases that were brought against a state in this way were suing the state for money they had failed to pay back or the return of property. This is the case with a British citizen named William Vassall who apparently sued the state of Massachusetts for the land they confiscated from him during the Revolutionary War. This would become an expensive process for each state if it were still possible.
The Cons of the 11th amendment:
The 11th Amendment has negative implications too in the sense that you can be wronged by a state and you will never be able to redress it by appealing to federal courts. It gives states a level of immunity if they are confiscating property from people who live out of state or who come from another country. It seems to put the rights of the state above the rights of a citizen or foreign citizen in this regard.
In order to succeed, women seek out men with the highest levels of education and income because these men are most likely to succeed. Men with the highest levels of education and income have a better chance at a successful life (if not already successful) that men without. Since the objective is to succeed, women will choose the most successful men in order to gain their success.
<span>In the 1796 election, John Adams, the Federalist Party presidential candidate, received a majority of the electoral votes. However, the Federalist electors scattered their second votes, resulting in the Democratic-republican party presidential candidate, Thomas Jefferson, receiving the second highest number of electoral votes and thus being elected Vice President</span>
Other things held constant, if the expected inflation rate DECREASES, and investors also become MORE risk averse, the Security Market Line would shift in<u> have a steeper slope </u>manner.
<h3>What is the Security Market Line (SML)?</h3>
The security market line (SML) is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It gives the market’s expected return at different levels of systematic or market risk. It is also called the ‘characteristic line’ where the x-axis represents the asset’s beta or risk, and the y-axis represents the expected return.
<u>Security Market Line Equation</u>
The Equation is as follows:
SML: E(Ri) = Rf + βi [E(RM) – Rf]
In the above security market line formula:
- E(Ri) is the expected return on the security.
- Rf is the risk-free rate and represents the y-intercept of the SML.
- βi is a non-diversifiable or systematic risk. It is the most crucial factor in SML. We will discuss this in detail in this article.
- E(RM) is expected to return on market portfolio M.
- E(RM) – Rf is known as Market Risk Premium.
<u>Characteristics of the Security Market Line (SML) are as below:</u>
- SML is a good representation of investment opportunity cost, which combines the risk-free asset and the market portfolio.
- Zero-beta security or zero-beta portfolio has an expected return on the portfolio, which is equal to the risk-free rate.
- The slope of the Security Market Line is determined by the market risk premium, which is: (E(RM) – Rf). Higher the market risk premium steeper the slope and vice-versa
- All the assets which are correctly priced are represented on SML.
- The assets above the SML are undervalued as they give a higher expected return for a given amount of risk.
- The assets below the SML are overvalued as they have lower expected returns for the same amount of risk.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is A.
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Hello, the answer that best fits this sounds like “Conditioned Response”. The stimulus would be the fireworks, and the conditioned response or learned response would be the child covering her ears. She’s learned how loud they sound and in response to that she’s aware of when they are about to put and covers her ears. Hope this helped.
