After the War of 1812 the policy that was advocated by James Madison for making American manufactured products cheaper and more competitive in both domestic and foreign markets was a protective tariff. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option. I hope it helps you.
Actually, the categories what are included as the exclusive powers of the Federal Government include those that are expressed or enumerated, implied power, and inherent power, except for RESERVED POWER. This is the kind of power which is the opposite of expressed power. Hope this answer helps.
They had soil that can be used for farming that was moist for crops.
People who worked in factories lived together in small houses that were full to the brim and the idea was to go work while another sleeps, and then you sleep when others work.