Answer:
An ethical appeal is a method of persuasion that's based on the author's credibility. It's one of the three appeals that Aristotle identified as the most effective tools of persuasive writing or speaking. The other two are logical appeals and emotional appeals.
I'm sorry, but you forgot to provide the paragraphs...
It’s a shame, then, that the second part of Pauling’s advice tends to be overlooked: “Most of (your ideas) will be wrong, and what you have to learn is which ones to throw away.” It’s certainly true that most ideas written on a Post-It note or submitted to an online system never get used, but the reason has more to do with a bias toward short-term payback in most innovation processes than informed filtration
Word Family: divergent, diverged, diverging, divergence
Sentence: When opinions diverge, it's better to pick the one based on facts and thorough analysis.