Answer: The bacteria transformed with this particular plasmid will form white colonies on the plates containing ampicillin and Xgal.
Explanation: The lacZ gene produces an enzyme called β-galactosidase which is responsible for the breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose. The lacZ gene is one of the three genes (the other two being lacA and lacY) of the lac operon which is responsible for the transport and mechanism of lactose in E. coli and many other bacteria.
In recombinant DNA technology, when a plasmid is to be used to transform a host cell, such markers are used to help screen the transformed cells from the ones that have not taken up the plasmid. Xgal present in the plates is an artificial substrate which is hydrolyzed by
β-galactosidase into 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl which will dimerize and oxidise into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'dichloro-indigo. This is a blue pigment which will give blue color to the bacterial cells. Introducing a DNA fragment in this lacZ gene will make it non-functional so it will not be able to produce the enzyme.
Therefore, when a bacterial cell is transformed with a plasmid containing ampicillin resistance gene and a DNA fragment introduced in the lacZ gene and then grown on plates containing ampicillin and Xgal, white colored colonies will appear. The white colonies will show the bacterial cells that have successfully taken up the plasmid with the DNA fragment incorporated in the lacZ gene as this will render the gene non-functional and will not produce β-galactosidase which will breakdown Xgal to give blue colonies. Since the plates contain ampicillin, only the bacterial cells that have been successfully transformed with the plasmid ( the ones that have the DNA fragment and the ones without it) will grow as the ampicillin resistance will give them resistance against ampicillin in the plates. The bacterial cells that have not taken up the plasmid will not be resistant to ampicillin and will not form colonies on the plate.
This is called blue-white screening which is used to identify successfully transformed host cells. A picture of this is given in the attachment, taken from the following website:
https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Blue_&_White_Colonies.html
The embryonic endoderm<span> develops into the interior linings of two tubes in the body, the digestive and respiratory tube. the </span>lining<span> of the follicles of the thyroid gland and the</span>epithelial<span> component of the thymus (i.e. thymic </span>epithelial<span> cells). Liver and pancreas cells are believed to </span>derive<span> from a common precursor.</span>
Hmm good question. Well I would have to test it for where there are no living life. I would have to build another NASA in the County because there is plenty of room there. Mars is made out of Dusty Crust that is about 30 miles thick. And let's say that the desert's Dusty Crust is about 5 miles - 15 miles thick. That will give about the same amount of surface that mars has. So we would know what to build for a perfect lander to work on Mars. This isn't much but it is something.
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— Florida residents know that we share the state with a large alligator population — an estimated 1.3 million to be exact! And while that can be scary, alligators are fundamental to the state's wetlands.
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