Answer:
the emergence of capitalism, European imperialism, efforts to mine coal, and the effects of the Agricultural Revolution. Capitalism was a central component necessary for the rise of industrialization.
I'm not sure of his name, but it might have been Darius. If you want more info, search 'Gordian Knot'. There was supposedly a prophecy at the time stating that whoever could untie this immensely complicated knot that tied the king's horse yolk to his chariot would rule over Persia. When Alexander saw the knot he sliced it in two with his sword instead of trying to untie it. I'm pretty sure Darius (or whatever his name was)
Spanish and French colonist were olny going to the americas for fur trads,gold and silver. England went there to get religious freedom and land. (D)
He wanted to create satellite states.
These were states that were independent in a fake way. They were independent from the Soviet Union but were all pro-soviet and had puppet governments that had to obey the Soviet Union. It was presented as if communism was their own choice and since they weren't officially a part of the union, they were a buffer towards the west.
The clause is really a state's rights clause. A state may not pass a law that makes something illegal that was legal before the law was passed. In other words if a state suddenly passed a law that said it is no longer legal to park your car in front of any government building, but it was legal to do so yesterday, the police cannot come to your door and issue a ticket for parking in front of a government building because you did it yesterday.
The constitution actually uses the phrase ex post facto law in Article 1 Section 10 Clause 1.
