En la Edad Media, el mundo musulmán se extendía desde la India hasta España, pasando por Jerusalén y Tierra Santa. Para judíos, cristianos y musulmanes, Jerusalén era y sigue siendo una ciudad santa. De hecho, para los cristianos medievales era el centro de su mundo espiritual y geográficamente según sus mapas.
The Geocentric theory or model proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe and the Sun rotated around it. Religion played a big role throughout history in trying to perpetuate this scientifically erroneous idea, which started appearing as a biblical perspective pointing towards specific passages in the holy book. A classic one would be Psalms 93:1, in which Earth is described as a static place "established, firm and secured". The church's support of geocentrism can be traced back to literal intepretations of the bible and a refusal to lose credibility and power as science proved them wrong.
Hope this helps!
I don't understand what you mean by the term "middle kingdom." In the Tang Dynasty of China, they considered themselves to be the Middle Kingdom because they saw themselves as the center of the earth, if that helps.
1). The caste or group that made up the largest proportion of the population was considered to be "the general category".
2). The castes or groups that made up the smallest proportion were considered to be from disadvantaged backgrounds and underrepresented in India. In modern times, they would refer to the Dalits, an official term used for those experiencing discrimination or untouchability. While percentage-wise they may have been a minority, they have still faced persecution and marginalization throughout history. It is believed that this contributed to their lack of representation during the pre-independence period as well as their continued disadvantages today.
3). Casteism has a long history in South Asia where there is evidence indicating its existence since BCE periods (Before Common Era). It has been present in Indian society for thousands of years and has greatly influenced the politics, economics and social structures throughout their history. However, for many years this was not an issue that concerned the public or the government as it was normalized. Thus, during pre-independence times casteism continued to be practiced with little change in modern India.
