I think the answer is Strasbourg. (France)
The three methods of determining latitudes are:
Celestial navigation - is the use of a celestial body such as the sun, the moon or a star at sight to know your location.
Sextant - is an instrument for navigation the uses two visible objects. The angle between the horizon and a celestial body will determine your location.
Octant - this is also an instrument used for navigation for calculation of angles.
Storms are caused by the collision of air masses that have different temperatures and humidities.
State: California
City: New York City
