Based on the the excerpt from The Dark Game, I think that the <span>statement that best leads to the inference that the men had intercepted a very important message was: "</span><span>That single name fired the men with excitement as they began working on the message from the beginning.</span>" The statement suggests that they have unlocked something important as they were excited and became persistent on further working on the cryptic message.
Adjectives describe things
You can't say "he = ride".
That would be "he = riding".
"Ride", as an action, is a <em>verb</em>.
The correct answer is A. It is difficult to understand the part of "seven years' transportation to America". It seems to me that you should use a passive structure so as to place the kind of sentences that English courts were allowed to give first, and after mention that the first Penal Transportation Act was the one which introduced this change. The other answers do not apply to this sentence, there are no puntuation and spelling mistakes, and there are no unnecessary words.