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3 years ago

What are some of the criteria a pharmaceutical company would want to meet if it is producing a drug for sale to consumers

Biology

1 answer:

Fynjy0 [20]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Fundamento: La industria farmacéutica a nivel internacional tiene entre sus estrategias la propaganda de medicamentos directa al consumidor, para incrementar sus ganancias.

Objetivo: Valorar cómo puede influir la promoción inadecuada en el uso racional de medicamentos y como se presenta en Cuba.

Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de información, en fuentes primarias y secundarias, sobre promoción y uso no adecuado de los medicamentos.

Resultados: Se encontró que la propaganda realizada de manera directa al consumidor genera un aumento de las ventas de los productos anunciados, lo cual hace de la promoción una herramienta esencial de marketing para la industria farmacéutica internacional, situación que no es uniforme, sino que varía de un país a otro con un denominador común: las anomalías mayores presentes en los países en desarrollo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud en 1988 publicó los “Criterios éticos para la promoción de medicamentos”, los cuales sirven de base para elaborar regulaciones sanitarias por parte de las autoridades nacionales de salud que permitan garantizar la calidad, seguridad y eficacia de los medicamentos.

Conclusiones. El trabajo conjunto entre autoridades sanitarias, profesionales de la salud y pacientes permitirá lograr un uso adecuado de los medicamentos sin el sesgo que conllevan los mensajes promocionales.

Palabras clave: Industria farmacéutica y ética; ética farmacéutica; control de la publicidad de productos¸ publicidad de medicamentos; tecnología farmacéutica y ética; preparaciones farmacéuticas; medicamentos sin prescripción.

DeCS: INDUSTRIA FARMACÉUTICA/ética; ÉTICA FARMACÉUTICA; CONTROL DE LA PUBLICIDAD DE PRODUCTOS; TECNOLOGÍA FARMACÉUTICA/ética; PREPARACIONES FARMACÉUTICAS.

Explanation:

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3 years ago

The ABO blood group assorts independently of the Rhesus (Rh) blood group and the MN blood group. Three alleles, IA , IB , and i,

Eva8 [605]

Answer:

Part 1:

The mother’s genotype is ii, rr, MN

The father’s genotype is IAIA/IAi, Rr, MM

Part 2:

Approximately 1/32 (3.125%) of children can be expected to have the stated blood types.

Explanation:

Part 1:

The mother has blood types 0, Rh- and MN. Therefore, her genotype has to be ii, rr, MN.

The father has ABO type A. His ABO genotype may therefore be either IAIA or IAi, as both are compatible with type A offspring with a type 0 mother. His Rh genotype must be rr, since his Rh- child necessarily has to have inherited one r allele from each parent. Finally, his MN genotype has to be MM since both alleles are codominant.

Part 2:

Using the given data, we build the following Punnett chart:

IA R N IA r N i R N i r N

IA R M

IA R N

IA r M

IA r N

IB R M

IB R N

IB r M X

IB r N

Note that, of all 32 possible combinations, only a single one of them (marked with “X” produces a genotype which matches the desired blood type, as follows:

genotype: IBi, rr, MN

blood type: B, Rh-, MN

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3 years ago