Answer:
45 - 36 = 9
Step-by-step explanation:
Write 45 down first, move a ten from 40 to 5, subtract 15 - 6 then 30 - 30
This is a working backwards problem. You know he has $35 at the end. Before he gave his brother $5, he would have $40, which is half of what he had before he bought the clothes, so he would have had $80. Before he spent the $40 on shoes, he would have had $120, so the answer is $120.
Let's put this on the usual Cartesian grid just so we can talk about it without drawing a picture. We'll use map conventions, right is east, up is north.
The ball starts at (0,0). 10.3 feet northwest means we have an isosceles right triangle whose diagonal is 10.3 feet. It's isosceles because northwest means equal parts north and west.
The sides of these triangles are in ratio

so the coordinates after the first putt are

The negative sign indicates west, which doesn't really matter for this problem. The distance from the origin to this point is 10.3 as required.
Now a second putt of 3.8 feet north puts us at

The squared distance to the origin is exactly

A little calculator work tells us

Third choice.
In a 45-45-90 triangle, both of the legs have the same length and the ratio of one leg to the hypotenuse is 1:sqrt(2).
Factored form: (x-5)(7x+5) ☺