The wrongs that he accused them off was them being infidels who pillage and steal and assault women and destroy churches and similar things. He accused them of attacking Christians and Christianity and wanted to force them to leave out of areas that were Christian.
The groups that he excluded was old people, weak, women, and the clergy. He didn't want these groups to go because he didn't believe that they could be helpful in war. Also, priests had to stay in Europe and not go to war because they were needed for spreading religion.
The appeals that he used is appeal to their emotions and he appealed to his credibility to speak so. In Christianity, the pope is the person who was chosen by god so what he says is what the god wants to be said. He said that they would all go to heaven if they supported the crusades which they believed and considered to be words from god.
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Montesquieu called the idea of dividing government power into three branches the "separation of powers." He thought it most important to create separate branches of government with equal but different powers. That way, the government would avoid placing too much power with one individual or group of individuals.
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It depends on what religion you are referencing. But usually its pastors, rabbis, or popes. Or the Allamah in Islam
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In stateless societies, the elderly of each lineage were responsible for resolving disputes between lineages or individuals through practices in which the entire community was involved. Meetings were held in which both sides exposed their positions and perceptions of the conflict situation in front of the entire community.
Taking into account the knowledge that the experience gives, the elderly have legitimacy to make judgments of the events that have occurred and it is through consensus that it is established what will be done. There is a tendency for people to adhere to the positions of the elderly because they are considered wise and relevant.
