The gilded age was characterized by economic growth but the name “Gilded Age” was given because of how the world impacted the common people. During this period of time in American history, the wealth gap was very severe and the gilded age was only an era that benefited the wealthy with large occurrences of monopolization . Additionally many technological advancements were made like the construction of the transcontinental railroad linking Atlantic to Pacific.
A. Spanish conquistadors bring their horses with them across the Atlantic. Some horses escape or swim to shore after a ship sinks. The Plains Indians become expert horsemen and buffalo hunters.
This was certainly not intentional since hardly the conquistadors would want their enemies to be stronger.
B. B. Rats are aboard European ships coming to the Americas. The rats spread disease and hunt unknown numbers of smaller animals to extinction.
This is hardly intentional. Rats were almost unavoidable back then and the Europeans just did not care much about them. They weren't thinking about how the rats would cause trouble in the Americas. They were "just rats".
So the only intentional one is:
C. Columbus brought pigs to the Americas on his second voyage. The pigs provided a valuable source of food for a growing population.
Columbus brought pigs for them to serve as food eventually and so they did.
The correct answer of the given question above would be the second option, option B, AGRICULTURALLY UNPRODUCTIVE LAND. What most likely caused the fifteenth-century decline of Great Zimbabwe is the agriculturally unproductive land. Hope this answer helps. Thanks for posting your question.