Correct answer: Court cases challenged the legality of discrimination.
I'll mention key court cases after debunking the other answers in the list. Truman's desegregation of the armed forces happened already in 1948, and impacted only those in the armed forces, rather than all African Americans. The suburbs were NOT welcoming toward African Americans, and they remained in living mostly in urban centers.
As to key court cases of the 1950s regarding discrimination:
1950: Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. In these cases, the Supreme Court said segregation of African American students in law and graduate schools was unconstitutional. This was the start of challenging "separate-but-equal" policies.
1954: Brown v. Board of Education. Firm decision that "separate but equal" policies were unconstitutional across the education system. Chief Justice Earl Warren, speaking for the unanimous opinion of the Court, said: “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
1955: Brown v. Board II. The Supreme Court directed that school systems must abolish segregation “with all deliberate speed.”
1956: The Supreme Court affirmed a lower court ruling that the segregation of the Montgomery, Alabama, bus system was illegal. This was in reference to the bus boycott that had begun with the protest by Rosa Parks.
1958: Cooper v. Aaron. The Supreme Court upheld the US Court of Appeals (8th Circuit) decision that resistance by local officials and threats of violence in the community did not justify delaying desegregation. This followed in the wake of the Little Rock Nine (a group of black students) seeking enrollment in LIttle Rock Central High School.
To sum it up shortly, typically American liberals are associated with social change, while American conservatives are associated with economic change.
For example, the conservative Reagan administration is famous for good foreign policy and economic change but has faced criticism for their handling of the AIDs epidemic. The liberal Obama administration added various new social policies regarding welfare, pension, and, most notably, gay rights. However, they faced criticism for both the left and the right over the handling of foreign policy and the national debt.
Hope I could help!
I believe you are talking about the Columbian Exchange. This was the importing, exporting, and trading of goods between the Old World and New World. Some products included coffee, chocolate, silver, cotton, and various spices.
Answer:
civil rights
Explanation:
Robinson 's character, his usage non - violent resistance, as well as his indisputable talent, rejected the conventional justification of apartheid that then labelled several other aspects of people's lives. It changed american culture and made a significant contribution to that same civil rights era.
El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, commonly known here as Malcolm X, had been an American Muslim minister and human rights lawyer who was a respected person throughout the civil rights struggle. He is mainly remembered for his steadfast and problematic black racial activism, and for his hours wasted as an outspoken spokesperson for the Islamic Nation.
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks had been an American civil rights activist best known for her pivotal role in the bus boycott. The u.s. congress named her the "first lady of civil rights" and the "mother of free movement."