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Answer:
Judgmental heuristic.
Explanation:
As the exercise introduces with the example of the two classmates, we can see that a judgmental heuristic is a series of principles or methods by which one makes assessments, judgements, probabilities, etc., simpler. For example the rule that "the faster people talk, the smarter they are" or, another one, the taller a person is, the better they are at basketball. You make an assessment to reduce a quantity, make a probability simpler, to narrow options.
Market demands. the free market demands fair trade.
Answer:
The factors that can create differences in perception can arise from the perceiver, like his attitude, motive, past experiences, education, and even faith. Factors produced by the target could be being a novelty, its sound, or size. The Situation can also create factors that affect perception, such as time and context.
Explanation:
Although everybody might have a different perception of reality, the reality remains the same. What we perceive as reality is not reality itself, but a constructed idea based on the aforementioned factors that become our reality. Our perceptions do reflect reality, but reality can be interpreted in as many ways as people are in the world, so we can´t expect our reality to be the only one.
Answer:
Allows researchers to use their prior knowledge about the population.