Surely only a few of us know that many modern high-school-level concepts in mathematics first were developed in Africa, as was the first method of counting. More than 35,000 years ago, Egyptians scripted textbooks about math that included division and multiplication of fractions and geometric formulas to calculate the area and volume of shapes (3). Distances and angles were calculated, algebraic equations were solved and mathematically based predictions were made of the size of floods of the Nile. The ancient Egyptians considered a circle to have 360 degrees and estimated Π at 3.16 (3).
Eight thousand years ago, people in present-day Zaire developed their own numeration system, as did Yoruba people in what is now Nigeria. The Yoruba system was based on units of 20 (instead of 10) and required an impressive amount of subtraction to identify different numbers. Scholars have lauded this system, as it required much abstract reasoning (4).
Astronomy
Several ancient African cultures birthed discoveries in astronomy. Many of these are foundations on which we still rely, and some were so advanced that their mode of discovery still cannot be understood. Egyptians charted the movement of the sun and constellations and the cycles of the moon. They divided the year into 12 parts and developed a yearlong calendar system containing 365 ¼ days (3). Clocks were made with moving water and sundial-like clocks were used (3).
A structure known as the African Stonehenge in present-day Kenya (constructed around 300 B.C.) was a remarkably accurate calendar (5). The Dogon people of Mali amassed a wealth of detailed astronomical observations (6). Many of their discoveries were so advanced that some modern scholars credit their discoveries instead to space aliens or unknown European travelers, even though the Dogon culture is steeped in ceremonial tradition centered on several space events. The Dogon knew of Saturn’s rings, Jupiter’s moons, the spiral structure of the Milky Way and the orbit of the Sirius star system. Hundreds of years ago, they plotted orbits in this system accurately through the year 1990 (6). They knew this system contained a primary star and a secondary star (now called Sirius B) of immense density and not visible to the naked eye.
Metallurgy and tools
Many advances in metallurgy and tool making were made across the entirety of ancient Africa. These include steam engines, metal chisels and saws, copper and iron tools and weapons, nails, glue, carbon steel and bronze weapons and art (2, 7).
Advances in Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda between 1,500 and 2,000 years ago surpassed those of Europeans then and were astonishing to Europeans when they learned of them. Ancient Tanzanian furnaces could reach 1,800°C — 200 to 400°C warmer than those of the Romans (8).
The answer would be letter B.
Answer:
1. It prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors.
2. it provided freedom for the actual consumption of alcohol.
Explanation:
The eighteenth (18th) amendment of the United States Constitution was ratified by the states in 1919. The purpose of the amendment is to declare illegal production, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors.
However, this amendment does not make the consumption of alcohol illegal. Thereby giving the Americans the freedom to consume alcohol or liquor. The amendment was later repealed by in 1933 twenty-first (21st) amendment
The benefits of a democratic system are:
- The people can choose their representatives in government.
- The rule of law is practiced.
Some periods in which democracy was not beneficial to both Greece and Rome are in periods when it took too long to come to a decision and there were different opposing views.
Some potentially negative aspects of democracy are:
- A large region can influence the voting patterns based on certain factors and this is not exactly fair representation.
- Lack of proper political education.
<h3>What is Democracy?</h3>
This simply means the government of the people where the people have the power to elect their leaders and also call for their impeachment or removal if they fail in their duty.
Read more about democracy here:
brainly.com/question/3710021
