In my opinion, I think that upward mobility is difficult. If you are employed in a job that requires you move up the ranks from the bottom up it can be difficult. For one thing, it can be competitive to the point of one stepping on another to get where they want to be. Where you start may have little to do with your experience. I say that because when you start from the bottom and work to move up the ranks, a person without experience may be hired and get that position before you. I know of this being the case in my experience. A person can have tenure and hands-on experience and be overlooked for someone with no experience but they have a college degree. Think of how many times you see someone in a managerial position and thought to yourself how did they get there? They don't seem to know anything about the position they are in. I hope this is what you were looking for & it helps.
When you are getting f s view from Gregor, who I believe in this book is the main character due to the fact everything is coming from his perspective. This effects the reader in the story by getting a better understanding how Gregor views the ones that he interacts with. Not only does it shed light on what kind of person Gregor is, it allows you to be drawn in to the book by the character as he experiences different situations with different characters. You'll be able to really paint out who Gregor is.
An adverb phrase can tell you "how", "when", or "where" something happened. Here it's "In colonial days" - answer B. Adverb phases modify verbs, and here what is modified is "were"
