The correct answer is - 2. Earth's climates have changed and are likely to change in the future.
From what is known for the geologic past of the Earth, our planet's climate has been changing numerous times. The climate on the planet has varied from being predominantly wet tropical climate, to having ice ages, having multiple different climate types at the same time... The reasons for the changes in the Earth's climate are numerous, with the Sun's radiation, tectonic movements and activities, volcanic activity, outside influences like asteroid and meteorite collisions, the vegetation, and all of them have managed to create a very colorful climate history of the planet. This trend of climate change should continue in the future as well, as all of the aforementioned factors are still influencing the climate and on top of that the humans have become a factor in the climate change too.
Answer:
In this unit, we will be discussing Latitude as a climatic control. By latitude we are not talking about geographic location. Rather our interest will center on the effect of latitudinal location on the receipt of solar energy at the Earth's surface. To a degree the Greeks were on to the idea when they proposed their Torrid, Temperate and Frigid temperature zones over 2000 years ago.
02. Specifically in this section on Latitude, we are going to cover four topics:
Earth-Sun Relationships. This section will deal with the actual receipt of solar energy at the Earth's surface. The receipt of solar energy is directly related to the relationships which exist between the Earth and the Sun across the year. All of you would recognize the basic relationships. Each day we can see that the Sun "rises" in the east and sets in the west. Most would also recognize that over a 12 month period the Sun "moves" from north to south in our sky. In other words, the Sun not only "moves" from east to west, but also north to south. And how about the fact that days tend to get longer in the northern hemisphere from December 21 to June 21, and then grow shorter from June 21 to December 21? Earth-Sun relationships cause changes in the amount of insolation received day to day and seasonally. And, depending upon the relationship, the amount of insolation changes locationally and through time. The resultant temperatures created due to these changing relationships create pressure differences which are largely responsible for winds. The winds in turn drive the ocean currents and our weather.
Pacific-Ring of Fire is the other name for the Circum-Pacific Belt. Among the options given withing the question, the correct option is option "C". It is actually the zone of earthquakes where 90% of the earthquakes of the world takes place. Numerous volcanic eruptions also occur in this region. This is a region where there is continuos shift of the tectonic plates and this results in either volcanic eruptions or earthquakes or both. Numerous volcanoes are also a part of this region. It is a horse-shoe shaped region. It has almost 452 volcanoes and they are either active or dormant.
