The painting style was Romanticism
A. always properly cite your sources
There are many ways an artist can create a sense of movement in a piece of artwork, from blurring the back of a character to show movement, or showing the movement through air waves, arrows, and others. They can also make the character look like it is moving, and make the ground have more lines parallel to the movement, which will show movement.
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It's the first one, a vanishing road to show perspective because you can see the lines of the fence seem to go one forever into the distance.