The first one
The laws forbade jews to be employed in education
The Monroe doctrine was intended to guard the western Hemisphere.
<span>The Sugar Act was passed by Parliament on April 5, 1764, and it arrived in the colonies at a time of economic depression. A good part of the reason was that a significant portion of the colonial economy during the Seven Years War was involved with supplying food and supplies to the British Army. Colonials, however, especially those impacted directly as merchants and shippers, assumed that the highly visible new tax program was the major culprit. As protests against the Sugar Act developed, it was the economic impact rather than the constitutional issue of taxation without representation, that was the main focus for the Americans.</span>
Africa was developing independently until it was taken by the capitalist powers of colonial Europe. Exploitation increased preventing this society of the benefit of their natural resources. By the early 20th century much of Africa, except Ethiopia and Liberia, had been colonized by European powers; even though African societies put up various forms of resistance against colonization. Between 1870 and 1900, Africa encountered military invasions done by Europe which led to an eventual conquest and colonization.
The European colonial powers were motivated by political, social and economic factors. It is important to note that Europe's first motivation for their intrusion was economic. It all started with the disintegration of the slave trade's benefits, its elimination and extinction, as well as the growth of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Europe also wanted to control and have more lands that had raw materials which they needed for their industrial economy, and to open new markets for the goods made by them. This led to Europeans settling for extraction, appropriation of land for settlers or plantations, which made Africans to sell their work to European farmers, planters or mine-owners. Economy was monopolized by Europeans.
