If the options are metaphor, alliteration, allusion, and apostrophe, I believe the answer is metaphor, because the others don't fit.
Alliteration is the repetition of a consonant.
Allusion is reference to something or somebody outside of that literary work.
And apostrophe is the author speaking directly to somebody outside the poem, usually gods or a muse.
“these natural disasters’” should be these natural disasters.
You don’t need to add the ‘ to disasters
I would go with C. Because the narrator is talking. The narrator want to have a lesson badly on water-reading. But Mr. Bixby thinks the narrator is far to advanced for it and will not teach her it. So Mr. Bixby is being stubborn and will not give the lesson.
In <em>Gulliver's Travels</em>, Swift satirizes different aspects of English society. He discuses different problems society faces and criticizes how the country is governed. The author depicts the problems in a different context each time that each voyage takes place in a different place and in a different form. He just tries to describe the problems of the society through fairy-tale, satirizing the aspects like politics, literature, philosophy and literature. Therefor, the correct answer is D.