Answer:
T helper (Th) cell polarization arises from programmed differentiation following T cell receptor (TCR) engagement by peptide antigen-major histocompatibility (MHC) complex.
Explanation:
The regulation of body temperature is one of the most critical functions of the nervous system. Here we review our current understanding of thermoregulation in mammals. We outline the molecules and cells that measure body temperature in the periphery, the neural pathways that communicate this information to the brain, and the central circuits that coordinate the homeostatic response. We also discuss some of the key unresolved questions in this field, including: the role of temperature sensing in the brain; the molecular identity of the warm-sensor; the central representation of the labelled line for cold; and the neural substrates of thermoregulatory behavior. We suggest that approaches for molecularly-defined circuit analysis will provide new insight into these questions in the near future.
Answer:
What is American Psychological Association
Explanation:
Answer:
Bilaterians have a well developed muscles which are used in both movement from one place to another and for holding things. The main limitations of protist locomotion-mechanisms is that they require medium of water for locomotion. They moved in water through pseudopods, cilia and flagella.
Longitudinal muscle are used by the worms to move from place to place. setae is present in worms which is used to move in forward direction, while jointed appendages which are attached to the body of insects helps in locomotion. Insects have skeleton that is present outside their body which is known as exoskeleton.
External appendages of radiates push the water outside in the backward direction and moved in the forward direction, while bilaterians moves from place to place through their legs which are specialized for this movement and their muscle in their hands are used for holding things.
