The causitive agent of the cohesion-tension model of xylem transport is transpiration. During the process of transpiration, water vapor is lost from the stomata of the leaf. To replace this water, water from adjacent cells is withdrawn. The water molecules stick together due to cohesion and are transported upwards through the stem in the form of a stream.<span />
A layer of ice on the surface keeps the water temperature warmer than the air temperature.
Distance/Time = 120 Km/2 hours =120/2 Km per hour or for short 60 Km per hour
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CD4 T cells activate CD8 T cells through an underhanded cycle including an antigen presenting cell (APC), customarily a standard dendritic cell (DC). An APC presents a peptide to a true CD4 T cell through a Class II MHC molecule.