Answer:
When the lower esophageal sphincter is atrophied, a disease called achalasia occurs, in which there is no relaxation of the esophagus when the food is swallowed, it is difficult for the food to go down to the stomach. Some symptoms are that the food, once swallowed, can not pass and gets stuck.
Regurgitation, chest pain and weight reduction may also occur.
Answer:
The nucleotide sequences that make up DNA are a “code” for the cell to make hundreds of different types of proteins; it is these proteins that function to control and regulate cell growth, division, communication with other cells and most other cellular functions. ... This process is called protein synthesis
Explanation:
To maintain a line of pure-breeding peas, selective breeders would use a technique called artificial cross-pollination. This is a technique were breeders transfer pollen from the anthers of one pea plant (male parent) to a stigma of a flower (female parent).
This technique was developed by Gregor Mendel, the founder of the science of genetics. He was a monk who dedicated his time in research about how genes of plants are carried over through specific species. In his controlled experiment he used the pea plant because they are cheap and readily available from merchants who sold them in different classifications. He also used pea plants because they have the capacity to self-pollinate or cross-pollinate.
Answer:
Cells can be made to divide and mitosis can be halted at metaphase; both sets of chromosomes need to be examined.
I hope this helps.
An example could be moths since certain moths in certain areas have a higher reproduction rate than others and have adapted camouflage to survive against predators
