Plant usually germinate from seeds, when a seed is planted, a tree usually results. Thus, the sentence, 'Indirect rule sowed the seeds for class and ethnic tensions means that, indirect rule was the factor that bring about class and ethnic tension; it is the root cause and reason why class and ethnic tensions occurred. Indirect rule is the one that give birth to class and ethnic tension.<span />
Hello. You did not enter the text to which this question refers, which makes it very difficult to answer it exactly. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.
As you showed that the word "author" in line 10 was used as a proper noun, we can consider that the same word in line 4 was used in a general way and did not specify an exact person. This is because proper nouns are terms used to specify something or someone, as the question states that the word "author" was not used with the same meaning in line 4, we can consider that this is the difference.
