Here are some major differences b/w prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Eu mean true & karyon mean nucleus. Hence, eukaryotes are the one which have true nucleus. Pro mean before & karyon mean nucleus. So, prokaryote mean before or without any true nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bounded organelles. While eukaryotes have several membrane-bounded organelles I.e Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes etc.
All prokaryotic cells have peptidoglycan cell wall. Some eukaryotee e.g plant & fungi contain cell wall. Plants contain cellulose cell wall & fungi contain chitin cell wall.
Prokaryotes have smaller ribosome of 70 Svedberg while eukaryotes have a larger one 80 Svedberg .
In prokaryotes, site for both transcription & translation is cytoplasm(as they don't have nucleus). But in eukaryotes, transcription take place within nucleus and translation within cytoplasm.
In prokaryotes, all the steps of cellular respiration takes place within cytosol. In eukaryotes: glycolysis takes place within cytosol, Krebs cycle within mitochondrial matrix & ETC within inner mitochondrial membrane.
