Question

Distinguish between the four major modes of prokaryotes

Answer 1

Here are some major differences b/w prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
Eu mean true
&
karyon mean nucleus. Hence, eukaryotes are the one which have true nucleus.
Pro mean before
&
karyon mean nucleus. So, prokaryote mean before or without any true nucleus.

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bounded organelles. While eukaryotes have several membrane-bounded organelles I.e Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes etc.

All prokaryotic cells have peptidoglycan cell wall. Some eukaryotee e.g plant & fungi contain cell wall. Plants contain cellulose cell wall
&
fungi contain chitin cell wall.

Prokaryotes have smaller ribosome of
70 Svedberg
while eukaryotes have a larger one
80 Svedberg
.

In prokaryotes, site for both transcription & translation is cytoplasm(as they don't have nucleus). But in eukaryotes, transcription take place within nucleus and translation within cytoplasm.

In prokaryotes, all the steps of cellular respiration takes place within cytosol. In eukaryotes: glycolysis takes place within cytosol, Krebs cycle within mitochondrial matrix &
ETC
within inner mitochondrial membrane.

Prokaryotes undergo binary fission(only cytokinesis) & conjugation. Eukaryotee perform mitosis, meiosis(both karyokinesis and cytokinesis).

Prokaryotic cells have large single chromosome which is wrapped up in a circular shape. Eukaryotee cells contain several pairs of chromosomes.