Answer: number 1.
Explanation: During the early decades of the Industrial Revolution in England, the countryside between London and Manchester became blanketed with soot from the new coal-burning factories. Many of the light-bodied lichens died from sulphur dioxide emissions, and the trees became darkened.
The water would most likely become surface runoff if the land is frozen. Since the land is frozen, water would not be able to soak into the ground.
