trait: is a characteristic of the organism they include hair color or leaf color, size and even shape. a trait with a genetic contribution is called a genotype and they way or the outward expression of that genotype is called a phenotype.
gene: is a segment of that DNA some of the genes can give instructions in order to produce proteins
alleles: it is a version of a gene and they are located on the same part of the chromosome and we normally inherit 2 alleles for each gene
Nucleoside analogs are the mutagenic chemicals that have a structure that is similar to the normal bases of the nucleotide and thus can be incorporated in the DNA during the process of replication, however as it has different base-pairing rules than the normal nucleotide base it can lead to mutations.
An example of a nucleoside analog is acyclovir which an analog of guanosine.
PH meter, which is a device used to measure hydrogen-ion activity in the solution. A PH meter is a voltmeter stuck to a pH electrode and a reference electrode. -maclittleseed
