All categories

3 years ago

How are family trees of organisms created?

1 answer:

5 0

As lineages evolve and split and modifications are inherited, their evolutionary paths diverge. This produces a branching pattern of evolutionary relationships. ... This tree, like all phylogenetic trees, is a hypothesis about the relationships among organisms.

You might be interested in

14). During the early 1700’s, a small group of pacifist Protestants fled Germany to avoid religious persecution. This group, the

abruzzese [7]

A) In the Dunker population, the frequency of IB allele is 0.3 and the frequency of i allele is 0.4. In the general population, the frequency of IB allele is 0.1 and the frequency of i allele is 0.5.

If:
$I^{A}$ - the frequency of IA allele
 $I^{B}$ - the frequency of IB allele
 $i$ - the frequency of i allele

Then:
 $I^{A} I^{A}$ + $I^{A} i$ - the frequency of individuals with A blood type
 $I^{B} I^{B}$ + $I^{B} i$ - the frequency of individuals with B blood type
 $ii$ - the frequency of individuals with O blood type

Let's first take a look on the Dunker population:
$I^{A} = 0.3$
$ii=0.16
$

Since there is only one possible genotype for O individuals - ii - the frequency of the allele i is square root of the frequency of O individuals:
 $i= \sqrt{ii}$
⇒ $i = \sqrt{0.16}$
⇒ $i=0.4$

Now, we have the frequencies of two alleles ( $I^{A}$ and $i$ ). To calculate the frequency of $I^{B}$ allele, we will use the formula:
 $I^{A} + I^{B} + i = 1$
⇒ $I^{B} = 1- I^{A} - i$
⇒ $I^{B} = 1-0.3-0.4$
⇒ $I^{B} = 0.3$

Now, in the general population:
$I^{A} = 0.4$
$ii=0.25$

Similarly to the work for the Dunker population:
 $i= \sqrt{ii}$
⇒ $i = \sqrt{0.25}$
⇒ $i=0.5$

$I^{A} + I^{B} + i = 1$
⇒ $I^{B} = 1- I^{A} - i$
⇒ $I^{B} = 1-0.4-0.5$
⇒ $I^{B} = 0.1$


b) A founder effect is a result of geographical separation of a few individuals from the original population. Those founding individuals will form a new population. The Dunker population was not only geographically separated, but also genetically. The group interbreeding was present resulting in increasing those allele frequencies that were the most common in the founding population. In this case, the most individuals from the founding population had B blood type.

6 0

3 years ago

Which is a characteristic of all vertebrates?

Bond [772]

The presence of vertebral column or notochord at any stage of life in any organism is the characteristic of vertebrate.

Explanation:

An animal is vertebrate if it fulfils the following criteria:

Presence of vertebral column or notochord.

Presence of endoskeleton or backbone.

The spinal cord runs above the vertebral column.

Humans embryo has notochord which becomes a vertebral column.

The alimentary canals end in the anus.

Mouth is present ta the anterior side of the vertebrate.

Have legs, fins or wings for movement.

Presence of a nervous system and sensory organs.

Presence of skin, lungs or gills.

Presence of a circulatory system.

Vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

6 0

3 years ago

2.Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis? A. red blood cells containing malaria. B. vines using a tree for suppor

omeli [17]

Answer:

A. red blood cells containing malaria

Explanation:

Malaria is a disease-causing pathogen in humans. It is caused by species of the parasite Plasmodium sp., which is transmitted as sporozoites by the Anopheles mosquito upon biting the host. These travel through the bloodstream to the liver where they mature into merozoites. These reenter the bloodstream and mature into trophozoites and schizonts that produce more merozoites.

When they multiply within the red blood cell, they burst the red blood cell open, and go on to infect other cells. This infection's symptoms are cyclic and include high fever, chills and other flu-like symptoms.

Malaria is a deadly illness, causing harm to its hosts, and in many cases death. Thus, this cannot be defined as symbiosis, which is typically beneficial to both organisms.

3 0

3 years ago

Protien synthesis can be increased by _______.

Alex73 [517]

Protein synthesis can be increased by a) turning on gene expression.

3 0

3 years ago

people once believed organisms could grow from food or dirt.How might the scientific study of cells have affected this view?

almond37 [142]

It proves that living organisms MUST come from other living organisms, an egg couldn't magically appear in a pile of chicken seed, a hen would have had to lay the egg first, just as a nucleoulus makes ribosomes so the cell can have proteins, the proteins don't just materialize within the organism.

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers