They were tied to Britain through trade and by the way they were governed. Britain also needed money to pay for its war debts. The King and Parliament believed they had the right to tax the colonies. They decided to require several kinds of taxes from the colonists to help pay for the French and Indian War.
John Brown’s raid on the federal armory at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia)
Answer:
One ironic outcome of the immense wealth Spain acquired - and ultimately squandered - with the colonization of the New World was to make rich others. Great wealth allowed the Spanish kings to fight wars in Europe: against France, in the Netherlands, in Italy and against the Turks in the Mediterranean. But on the other hand, large amounts of those riches - gold, silver - ended in the pockets of the European bankers who had given credits to the Spanish kingdom. Because it lost some wars, Spain had to pay indemnizations and reparations to victors, too. At the same time, much of the treasuries belonging to Spain were stolen by British pirates who attacked and robbed the huge fleets of <em>galeones</em> transporting gold to the Spanish ports. As a Latin American historian once wrote, "Spain had the cow, but others drank the milk."
Explanation:
It was the second war of American independence.
Best answer: by disagreeing with the pope
There had been much struggle between Pope Boniface VIII and the French king, Philip IV, over control of the church in France. Philip actually sent men to rough up Boniface during that time. After Boniface's death and then a papacy of less than a year by Benedict XI, pressure from France resulted in the electing of a French cardinal as Pope Clement V, in 1305. Clement moved the office of the papacy from Rome to Avignon, which was in Holy Roman Empire territory but near the border of France. The papal offices stayed in Avignon, under French domination, from 1309 to 1376, with seven popes total governing the church from there.
Gregory XI, the last French pope, returned the offices of the papacy to Rome in 1377. When Gregory XI died in 1378, an Italian again was elected to be pope – Urban VI. But very quickly many cardinals (especially the French) regretted the election of Urban VI. The French cardinals put forth their own rival pope, Clement VII, later in 1378. This began the Great Schism, also known as the Western Schism or Papal Schism. There were competing popes claiming the authority of that office and the allegiance of Catholics in Europe. The split in the papacy lasted till 1417.
