1. Introduction. This paper discusses a special form of positive dependence.
Positive dependence may refer to two random variables that have
a positive covariance, but other definitions of positive dependence have
been proposed as well; see [24] for an overview. Random variables X =
(X1, . . . , Xd) are said to be associated if cov{f(X), g(X)} ≥ 0 for any
two non-decreasing functions f and g for which E|f(X)|, E|g(X)|, and
E|f(X)g(X)| all exist [13]. This notion has important applications in probability
theory and statistical physics; see, for example, [28, 29].
However, association may be difficult to verify in a specific context. The
celebrated FKG theorem, formulated by Fortuin, Kasteleyn, and Ginibre in
[14], introduces an alternative notion and establishes that X are associated if
∗
SF was supported in part by an NSERC Discovery Research Grant, KS by grant
#FA9550-12-1-0392 from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), CU by the Austrian Science
Fund (FWF) Y 903-N35, and PZ by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme
PIOF-GA-2011-300975.
MSC 2010 subject classifications: Primary 60E15, 62H99; secondary 15B48
Keywords and phrases: Association, concentration graph, conditional Gaussian distribution,
faithfulness, graphical models, log-linear interactions, Markov property, positive
Answer:
ya wher is it
Step-by-step explanation:
I can’t answer 5 because I don’t know what was in Example two, but I can tell you how to graph the equation y = -200x + 2400!
This equation is in slope intercept form, which means that the number next to the variable is the rate of change and the number added onto the first term is the initial value. Since your initial value is 2400, your first point will be at (0, 2400). Each time x increases by 1, y will decrease by 200 (because the rate of change is -200). So your second point will be (1, 2200) and so on.
Answer:
Y decreased by 23
Step-by-step explanation:
Subtract the y values:
-19 - 4 = -23
Y decreased by 23
Answer:
64π
Step-by-step explanation:
