The correct answer is Option B) the Earth systems.
Geologists call the interconnected web of interacting processes and materials on (and in) the earth, the Earth systems.
<h3>What are the earth systems and how do they interact with each other?</h3>
When the five major systems of Earth, that are, geosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere interact with each other so as to produce the environment we are familiar and comfortable with, it is called Earth systems.
Geosphere: The types of minerals present in soils, which are the end products of geologic processes, influence the vegetation and ecosystems that grow on the soil's surface. Carbon, a component of biological matter that is necessary for life, is carried to the ocean by wind and water erosion, where it finally becomes a part of the ocean floor. Ocean deposits are transported into the interior of the planet via tectonic activity. Volcanic activity has the ability to release carbon dioxide into the Earth's atmosphere over geologic timescales. One of the important cycles that connects the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere is the carbon cycle.
Biosphere: Interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere are ongoing. All living creatures are dependent on atmospheric gases for survival. Animals and other organisms absorb oxygen from the air to utilize in all of their bodily cells, and they expel carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
Cryosphere: The cryosphere acts as a highly reflecting blanket to keep Earth from overheating. Compared to open water or bare ground, snow and ice reflect more sunlight. The energy balance of the entire globe is impacted by the presence or absence of snow and ice, which influences heating and cooling over the surface of the Earth.
Hydrosphere: Rain originates from clouds in the atmosphere and descends to the lithosphere as streams and rivers, providing water for both plant development and drinking for humans and animals .
Atmosphere: The three main atmospheric components that absorb radiation are ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The sun's UV energy, which is detrimental to the majority of living organisms, is absorbed by ozone. Without this protective layer in the atmosphere our skin would burn when exposed to sunlight.
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