Answer:
a. resolve the branching patterns (evolutionary history) of the Lophotrochozoa
b. (the same, it is repeated)
Explanation:
Nemertios (ribbon worms) and foronids (horseshoe worms) are closely related groups of lofotrocozoa. Lofotrocozoans, or simply trocozoans (= tribomastic celomados with trocophoric larva) are a group of animals that includes annelids, molluscs, endoprocts, brachiopods and other invertebrates. They represent a crucial superphylum for our understanding of the evolution of bilateral symmetry animals. However, given the inconsistency between molecular and morphological data for these groups, their origins were not entirely clear. In the work linked above, the first records of genomes of the Nemertine worm Notospermus geniculatus and the foronid Phoronis australis are presented, along with transcriptomes along the adult bodies. Our phylogenetic analyzes based on the genome place Nemertinos as the sister group of the taxon that contains Phoronidea and Brachiopoda. It is shown that lofotrocozoans share many families of genes with deuterotomes, suggesting that these two groups retain a common genetic repertoire of bilaterals that do not possess ecdisozoans (arthropods, nematodes) or platizoos (platelets, sydermats). Comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that foronid and brachiopod lofophores are similar not only morphologically, but also at the molecular level. Although the lofophore and vertebrates show very different cephalic structures, the lofophorees express the vertebrate head genes and neuronal marker genes. This finding suggests a common origin of the bilaterial pattern of the head, although different types of head will evolve independently in each lineage. In addition, we recorded innate immunity expansions of lineage-specific and toxin-related genes in both lofotrocozoa and deuterostomes. Together, this study reveals a dual nature of lofotrocozoans, in which the conserved and specific characteristics of the lineage shape their evolution.
Insertion
Genetic stability maintenance requires an extremely accurate mechanism for DNA replication and mechanisms for fixing the several accidental lesions that occur continually in DNA. Spontaneous changes in DNA are temporary due to immediate correction process called DNA repair. DNA repair’s importance is very evident from the huge investment that cells form in DNA repair enzymes. In 1000 accidental base changes in DNA , fewer than one results in a permanent mutation due to the efficient elimination by the DNA repair.<span> </span>
Answer:
<h2>Biological servises </h2><h2>Hope it helps ;)</h2>
The development of electronic delivery systems advancements in the music industry has preserved resources and reduced waste.
Option C
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Music industry is the industry that deals with the production of new music that are soothing to hear, recording them, spreading them in public and so on. This industry is an age old industry which used to record music in different ways in past. Most of them were not that efficient to capture the individual tunes of the music and moreover they used the resources very inefficiently.
With the advent of modern day electronic delivery systems, the mics came into market, as well as different electronic media like pendrive, CD's, tape recorders, and even internet through which music can be spread among public very easily.
