Answer:
French version: tout comme aujourd'hui, les gens de l'époque médiévale avaient besoin de vêtements, de chaussures, de médicaments, etc. Ainsi, les artisans de différentes professions étaient vitaux pour le commerce et les affaires collectifs. Par exemple, les tanneurs se sont spécialisés dans la fabrication du cuir, ce qui était important pour les cordonniers et les cordonniers.
Spanish version: Al igual que en los tiempos de hoy, la gente de la época medieval necesitaba ropa, zapatos, medicinas, etc., de forma regular. Por lo tanto, los artesanos de diferentes ocupaciones eran vitales para el comercio y los negocios colectivos. Por ejemplo, los curtidores se especializaban en la fabricación de cuero, que era importante para los zapateros y zapateros.
English version:
very much like today's times, people in the medieval period needed clothing, shoes, medicine, etc., on a regular basis. Thus, craftsmen of different occupation were vital for collective trade and business. For instance, tanners specialized in making leather, which was important to cobblers and shoemakers.
Explanation:
Hope it helps!
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Unfortunately, you did not include the text, excerpt, context, or further references to know what is the content of those pages 456-459.
Although you forgot to include the content of those pages, we can help you to give some ideas based on or knowledge of the topic.
The European countries that became involved in colonization in the 1600s and the land they claimed were the following.
The 1600s were known as the years of expedition. A time in human history when European superpowers of the time invested a lot of money hiring professional sailors to navigate the seas, explore faraway territories to discover new lands or navigation routes.
That is why Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas on October 12, 1492. He had been sponsored by King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella de Castille, to explore and get new lands for the mighty Spanish crown. Once the discovery was made, the Spanish King sent his army to conquest Mesoamerican and South American territories, as was the case of the Great Tenochtitlan and the Aztec Empire, or the Inca Empire in Machu Pichu, Peru.
Then the English established the first British colony in the North American territory in 1607: Jamestown Virginia. Another 12 colonies followed on the East Coast. The French did the same in what today is Canada. The Netherlands founded New Amsterdam in what today is Manhattan, New York. The Portuguese colonized the Amazonic territories of what today is Brazil.
"Mohandas Gandhi, known also as Mahatma (“The great
soul”), was the leader of Indian independence movement in 1930s and 1940s. His
protest facing British colonist was non-violent, fought with only rousing speeches. Gandhi’s methods of non-violent protest inspired leaders of civil
rights movement, especially Martin Luther King."
