Answer:
1. Inner, light-sensitive layer of the eye. Retina
2. Point where a muscle is attached to the more movable part. Insertion
3. Outer, fibrous layer of the eye. Sclera
4. Translates sound vibrations into nervous impulse. Cochlea
5. Prepares the body for activity. Sympathetic system
6. Sense of balance. Semicircular canals
7. Coordinates our muscular movements. Cerebellum
8. Point where the muscle is attached to the less movable bone. Origin
9. Active when the body is resting. Parasympathetic system
10. In the brain stem, controls the activity of internal organs. Medulla oblongata
Explanation:
- The retina is the internal layer of the eye. It receives the light from the exterior and transforms these stimuli into nervous stimuli, which travels to the brain to give an image.
- The sclera is the outer layer of the eye. It protects the eye and keeps the eye's shape.
- A muscle has an origin and an insertion. The first one is the part attached to the less movable bone and the second one to the more movable part. These two parts can be in different bones. When the muscle contracts, the bone attached to the insertion moves towards the origin of the muscle.
- The cochlea and the semicircular canals are in the inner ear. The cochlea is the organ responsible for transforming the sound's vibrations into nerve impulses that will travel to the brain so that we can hear. In its interior, there are cells that have hairs, which move with the vibrations and transmit this message to the nervous system.
The semicircular canals are three and with liquid that moves as we move. The movement of this liquid moves hair cells that are in the canals. These hair cells inform our brain about our location in space and give us a sense of valance.
- The cerebellum is part of the central nervous system. It involves the coordination of movements, learning new movements, and controlling them.
- The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are part of the autonomic nervous system. The first one prepares our body for an emergency or an activity. It is the one that increases our respiratory frequency, our heart rate, dilates our pupils, makes us more alert, amongst other things. On the other hand, the parasympathetic system relaxes our body, slowing our heart rate, is involved in the digestion and the relaxation of our muscles. It activates, for example, after we eat.
- The medulla oblongata is part of the brainstem. It controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, respiration, and vasoconstriction. As it controls these functions, it affects internal organs like the heart, lungs, arteries, etc.
