Federalism is a mixed or compound mode of government that combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, first embodied in the Constitution of the United States of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established.
Depends on when this was. Back before the 60s when emancipation happened it would be b. The child would be a slave if it was black because of the “one drop” rule.