Yes topaz is natural and formed and earth.
D. They measure distance north and south of the equator.
Well if you want to be technical, than Ferdinand and Isabella were since they were king and queen.
But <span>Tomas de Torquemada was the general.</span>
Cliffs are very heavy rocks and when there is too much weight it can cause cracks that weakens the structural integrity which can cause the cliff to either collapse or give way, falling on the ground below which can kill people crush cars or block roads. Hope this helps :)
Polar.
The polar regions are cold year round because of the chill, polar air has a low capacity to evaporate water vapor in the air. The sun angle is fairly low throughout the year in polar areas. A significant amount of solar radiation that does reach the polar surface is reflected back into space.
Hope this helpsss!!