Answer:
B. Virus.
Explanation:
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In this case, since bacteria (A.) reproduce via asexual reproduction via mitosis and the animal (D.) and vegetal (C.) cells could reproduce via sexual or asexual reproduction depending on the organism, they do not need a host to start the replication of the DNA and therefore reproduce. In such a way, it is widely known that viruses need a host that facilitates the replication of their DNA or RNA (depending on the virus) since they only have their genetic information but they do not have neither the RNA nor the DNA polymerase that favor such process, that is why they need a host.
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Answer:
a. In the presence of 2,4 dinitrophenol, which is soluble through the lipid membranes, the H+ gets an another route to pass through the membrane. It hampers the proton gradient potential without any generation of ATP. The gradient that was being utilized for the generation of energy is now just lost in the form of heat.
b. With the reduction in the generation of energy, the cells get devoid of ATP, and drive the electron transport chain intensely so that the collapsing proton gradient gets re-established. However, it prevents the ATP synthase by providing a different path to the proton ions and thus diminishing the H+ concentration gradient.