Mutations may be caused by environmental<span> factors such as radiation or chemicals. This is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms, and are sometimes called the "building blocks of life." This is </span>growing of cells in a synthetic environment<span>.</span>
Answer:
The initial step in the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA is activation of the amino acid by reaction with ATP
Explanation:
In protein synthesis, the first step involves the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA. This reaction is catalyzed by the the Mg²⁺-dependent enzymes known as aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases and occurs in two steps.
The first step of the reaction of the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA is the activation of the amino acid by the attachment of an AMP molecule formed from the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and pyrophosphate. The aminoacyl adenylate intermediate is bound to the enzyme in this initial step. Subsequently, in the second step of the activation of the amino acid, the aminoacyl adenylate intermediate is then transferred to its specific tRNA. The pyrophosphate formed in the first step is hydrolyzed to 2 phosphate molecules by a pyrophosphatase.
The overall reaction step is illustrated below:
Amino acid + tRNA + ATP -----> aminoacyl-tRNA +AMP + 2Pi
A rock, a car, something nonliving.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
It's sugar or glucose and oxygen
<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>
Label A; Mitochondria.
Label B; Nucleus.
Label C; Golgi apparatus.
Label D; Rough endoplasmic reticulum
<h3><u>Explanation;</u></h3>
- All the above are various organelles in a eukaryotic cells each carrying different cellular activity to enhance the functioning of a cell.
Label A; Mitochondria.
- <u>Mitochondria</u> is the powerhouse of the cell which converts glucose to energy rich molecules of ATP, through the process of cellular respiration.
Label B; Nucleus.
- <u>Nucleus</u> contains the genetic material or DNA, RNA , nucleolus, chromatin fibres and proteins. It contains the chromosomes which control the hereditary characteristics.It also regulates all the activities of the cell.
Label C; Golgi apparatus.
- <u>Golgi apparatus;</u> they are also called Golgi bodies. They function in modifying, sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion. They are also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes.
Label D; Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- <u>The rough endoplasmic reticulum</u> provides surface for protein synthesis. It is also used to transport cellular contents from one cell to another.
- The risbosomes attached on the rough endoplasmic reticulum are resposible for the protein synthesis through the process of translation.
