Rome managed to overcome it's difficulties with having issues in it's leading structure and the highest chain in command; namely Roman generals at the time wanted glory for themselves which prevented them from beating Carthage for some period together with the fact that Carthage had the incredible general Hannibal. After they consolidated and joined forces together, they were able to beat Carthage after a campaign of war.
No, the U.S. Constitution was not a direct result of the Slave Trade Compromise, since in fact it was more a direct result of the failure of the Articles of Confederation to be effective.
Reconstruction occurred after the Civil War, lasting from 1865 to 1877.
So the answer is A. Reconstruction.