Manorialism and feudalism are two systems that remained entrenched in European medieval culture for hundreds of years. Manorialism dictated the relationship between manor lords and the peasants on their land. ... Feudalism reflected the relationship between nobles as they traded land for military service. Just read it carefully
The emergence and spread of Islam threatened the power and prosperity of the Catholic Church from the beginning, i.e., the fall of Jerusalem in 636. From then on Muslim armies took all the important cities of Christianity, such as Damascus or Antioch. Muslim armies relentlessly attacked christianity centers, including the siege to Vienna in the 1520´s.
Since you're in a rush, the shortest answer would be that it is D., William Seward, whom decided to buy Alaska.