Answer: A - P.M. Grootes, K.M. Cuffey, and J.M. Bolzan, among others.
Explanation: Dr. Anandakrishnan collaborated and coauthored with all of the people listed above and has worked with many other people.
During the year 1994, Dr. Sridhar Anandakrishnan collaborated with Kurt M Cuffey, Richard B Alley, Pieter M Grootes and John M Bolzan on the topic 'Calibration of the δ18O isotopic paleothermometer for central Greenland, using borehole temperatures'
They calibrated the δ 18O paleo-thermometer for central Greenland using borehole temperatures, a thermal model forced by a measured δ 18O record and a formal inverse technique. The calibration is determined mostly by temperature fluctuations of the last several centuries, including the Little Ice Age.
Results are generally insensitive to model variables, including initial condition, basal boundary condition, parameterization of snow thermal properties, ice thickness and likely errors in temperature and isotope measurements. Results of this borehole calibration also seem to be in agreement with modern spatial gradients of δ 18O and temperature.
They suggest that calibrations of isotopic paleothermometers using borehole temperatures are a useful paleoclimate tool because they are independent of spatial gradients and include the effects of prehistoric temperatures.
Answer:
Disturbances can leave legacies or traces in the landscape, vegetation or soils of variable duration. They can alter the ecological succession.
Explanation:
Ecological succession is the evolution that occurs naturally, producing a dynamic ecosystem.
A disturbance is any discrete and external event that alters an ecosystem, community or population, which changes the availability of resources or physical environment.
Agents of natural disturbances:
• Winds (storms, hurricanes, tornadoes)
• Tree falls
• Moving water (floods)
• Landslides
• Frost
• Droughts
• Fires
• Animals (grazing, pests)
Human disturbances:
• Agriculture and grazing
• Mining
• Pollution
• Irradiation
• Fires
The disturbances, depending on their characteristics, can leave legacies or traces in the landscape, vegetation or soils of variable duration. They can alter the ecological succession.
I hope this answer helps you!
