Answer:
The correct answer is 4. The Battle of Adwa is uncharacteristic of the Scramble for Africa in that native forces were able to overcome the superior technology of Europeans.
Explanation:
The Battle of Adwa was fought on March 1, 1896 between Italy and Abyssinia during the first Italian-Abyssinian war. With Italian help, Menelik, prince of Shoa, succeeded in seizing the crown of the emperor. In return, in the Treaty of Ucciali in 1889, he promised to recognize an Italian protectorate over Abyssinia. However, he canceled the agreement after restoring the country's inner peace. That is why Francesco Crispi, the Italian leader, started the war against Abyssinia. On March 25, 1895, Italian troops crossed the border and occupied Adigrat. In September, Menelik II declared formal war against Italy. The Ethiopians won a minor victory at Amba Alagi on December 8. On March 1, 1896, the Italian colonial army of 2,000 men under General Oreste Baratieri was completely dispersed by Ethiopians in the Battle of Adwa. Through the peace in Addis Ababa on October 26, 1896, Italy was forced to renounce the claim for protectorate over the country and also to pay war damages. Abyssinia thus remained the only country in Africa to retain its independence at this time.
