

(provided that
)
Then

(just moving around a factor of
)

(multiply by
)
The last sentence or second
Sum of two integers with different signs is equal to 8.
There are several answers:
+12 and -4
+10 and -2
+11 and -3
ETC.
Addition because 8-2 = 6 and then you add the 4
We can write that as a function:

where
is the number of price reductions. We can see that it is a quadratic function which has the biggest value at P = (p, q). It means that p is the number of reductions which results in the biggest profit.

It means that it's the best to make 2 price reductions for the company. The tickets should be sold for $200 - 2 * $20 = $160. It results in 2 * 50 more tickets sold which is 300 + 100 = 400.
Answer:
Ticket price: $160
Number of tickets: 400