spongy bone is found in the bones of the skull, sternum, vertebrae, the pelvis, the lining of the marrow cavity and the epiphysis.
Nicotine on direct application in humans causes irritation and burning sensation in the mouth and throat, increased salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Predominant immediate effects consist of increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. Nicotine also causes an increase in plasma free fatty acids, hyperglycemia, and an increase in the level of catecholamines in the blood. There is reduced coronary blood flow but an increased skeletal muscle blood flow. The increased rate of respiration causes hypothermia, a hypercoagulable state, decreases skin temperature, and increases the blood viscosity.
For amphetamine the immediate effects are quicker reaction times, feelings of energy/wakefulness, excitement, increased attentiveness and concentration, feelings of euphoria. Side effects of amphetamines can include heart palpitations, dry mouth, headache, hostility, nausea, cognitive impairment, severe anxiety, lack of appetite, teeth grinding, dizziness, increased heart rate, heart palpitations, rapid breathing rate, hypertension (high blood pressure), increased body temperature, erectile dysfunction, irregular heartbeat.
Cocaine causes a short-lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug the side effects are Loss of appetite increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, contracted blood vessels increased rate of breathing, dilated pupils, disturbed sleep patterns, nausea, hyperstimulation, bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin, intense euphoria, anxiety and paranoia, depression, intense drug craving, panic and psychosis, convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
Proteostasis is mediated by chaperone proteins and protease systems, together with cellular clearance mechanisms such as autophagy and lysosomal degradation.
Chaperone proteins control assembly and inaccurate folding by binding to and stabilizing partly or completely unfolded protein polypeptides till the polypeptide chain is completely synthesized. Chaperone proteins also confirm the stability of unfolded polypeptide chains as they are being translocated into the subcellular organelles.
To learn more about Chaperone proteins here
brainly.com/question/28256423
#SPJ4
Both internal and external factors are capable of regulating the cell cycle of a specific type of cell (Option a).
<h3>What is the cell cycle?</h3>
The cell cycle refers to the period of life of a cell from which it is generated until its division (cytokinesis).
The cell cycle of a cell is regulated by internal factors such as cyclins and kinases that phosphorylate specific proteins as well as external factors that trigger the cell division (e.g. temperature conditions).
In conclusion, both internal and external factors are capable of regulating the cell cycle of a specific type of cell (Option a).
Learn more about the cell cycle here:
brainly.com/question/8283140
#SPJ1
