Early Human being when they accidently rubbed two stones together
We learned how to read ancient hieroglyphics when after Napoleon's troops discovered the Rosetta Stone, which had translations of the hieroglyphics in Ancient Greek, which many people knew how to read.
The expansion of the rail networks led to a dramatic increase in settlement in the west of the United States, since this made transportation of people and goods far easier and cheaper than it had been before.
The answer that you are looking for is:
A) Magna Carta.
Would it be the indus valley culture