The correct answer is : D. Pleistocene epoch
The Pleistocene epoch lasted from about 2,500,000 years ago to 11,700 years ago. In this era, a lot of repeated glaciations happened on earth, since most of Earth's geographical surface is covered in Ice.
The change to an ecosystem that is brought about by the biotic factors is the the landslide caused by the cattle overgrazing. The answer is letter C. The word biotic means the factor should be living thing (s). Among the choices, only the cattle is living organism.
First off, let's look into how an earthquake happens:
As the plate move apart or collide given the convection current of magma, stress is built up with continuous plate movements. The pressure is then greater than the elastic strength of the rock. Rock breaks, the pressure of energy is released in the form of seismic waves. Ground vibrates, resulting in earthquake.
How it provide evidence about the layers of Earth, is that the lower the layer, the hotter it is, which then cause the convection current of magma to happen,hence affecting the lithosphere.
Hope it helps!