I think its the availability of good jobs in the North and West.
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I think the answer is between b and c. But the answer that I heard of in history class would be C. The fact that immigrants took away high paying jobs from union members.
Hope this helps!!
They looked for different routes because when they took the normal way, they would get robbed by pirates or sometimes they didn't reach their destination.
By 1279, the Mongol Empire covered over 33,000,000 km² (12,741,000 sq mi), up to 22% of Earth's total land area. It held sway over a population of over 100 million people.