Answer:
The correct answer is A. Brief stressors lead to changes in cytokine production.
Explanation:
Cytokines form an important group of proteins that act as mediators of communication between living cells. They can exert their action in a paracrine way (between neighboring cells within the same tissue), or endocrine (between cells located in different tissues). The imbalance on the immune system that stressful events exert is an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their associated spectrum of age-related syndromes and diseases. Proinflammatory cytokines are soluble mediators that promote and mediate inflammatory processes, the following stand out: interleukin 1 (IL-1) is involved in the regulation of the immune process and inflammation; interleukin 6 (IL-6) that also serves as a link between the endocrine system and the immune system; and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), which has the ability to destroy certain cell lines and initiate the cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators.
10) a
11)b?
12)a
13)c
14) d
15)a
16)a
Let me know if these help along with the other ones
<u>Answer:</u>
<em>Climate change positively affects organisms by </em><em><u>providing them new habitat.
</u></em>
<u>Explanation:</u>
Climate change induces <em>changes in various parameters of an ecosystem </em>like temperature, precipitation, soil properties etc. habitats may undergo changes that make it unsuitable for native organisms to live in.
But this <em>new conditions</em> may be favourable for some other kind of organisms to thrive and flourish.
<em>For example, </em>when temperature of a lake increases due to climate change warm water aquatic organisms find a new habitat in the lake. But this threatens the life of <em>native cold water organisms of the lake. </em>
Thus climate change doesn’t bring any benefits to living world without harming one or the other <em>group of organisms.
</em>
Answer:
DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of life. DNA comparisons can show how related species are. Biogeography. The global distribution of organisms and the unique features of island species reflect evolution and geological change.
Explanation:
<span>Active transport is a process requiring energy in which a substance crosses the cell membrane. When the nerve cell is in its resting potential, there are the positively charged sodium ions and the negatively charged potassium ions. During depolarization, the neuron fires, wherein the active transport plays its role: the positive ions are forced in and the negative ions are forced out. When depolarization is done, these ions are again back to normal through active transport.</span>
