Humanism was the dominant philosophical conception of the Renaissance. It represents a sea change in European thought, especially when juxtaposed with the Middle Ages. Certainly, the idea of the human being in Western thought is not solely the purview of Renaissance thinkers. The Greeks in classical antiquity certainly promoted humanistic ideas but not on the same scale and with the degree of influence we see among Renaissance thinkers. Humanistic thinkers argued for the centrality of the human being. As opposed to medieval thinkers, God or the supernatural was subordinate rather than superior to humankind. Reason and human experience took precedence over superstition or speculation. Human beings, all of them, had certain rights. This idea becomes enshrined in universal declarations of human rights. Civil laws are derived by consensual agreement among all concerned parties and must promote the common good and groups are not entitled to special treatment based on religious or philosophical beliefs. Most of these beliefs were the polar opposite for medieval thinkers. The notion of God's superiority, religious and classical hierarchy and church dogma permeated the laws, social, cultural and economic structures of the Middle Ages. Humanism placed humankind in the driver's seat.
Standardization--since the 1980s the federal government has focused on increasing the standards of schools and creating stronger STEM programs.
The creation of standards reflects democratic thinking and equality for all students learning in American public schools.
Recently charter schools have been trending. This reflects competition found in the US capitalistic system.
The correct answer is (D). The President of the United States can nominate Supreme Court Justices. However, according to the U.S. Constitution, the nomination that the president makes must be confirmed by the U.S. Senate.