The correct answer is A. The Great Schism or the East-West Schism represented the final separation between the Eastern Christian churches (whose leader was Michael Cerularius, the <u><em>patriarch of Constantinople</em></u>) and the Western one whose leader was Leo IX. There were excommunications that ended in 1965, when Pope <em>Paul VI</em> and <em>Athenagoras I</em> revoked the excommunications decrees.
Answer:
The Consitiution. Inflamed by the king's stonewalling of their appeals, the Founders embedded the right to petition into the Constitution by way of the First Amendment.
Answer:
The Reformation was a movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in particular to papal authority.
